Proton, and other charged-particles, radiotherapy is rapidly growing in application for difficult tumours and most cancers in children. Protons do not behave like photons and so our “cameras” must identify the incident and exiting trackers of millions of individual protons as they pass through a patient as well as recording the residual enemy of each individual.  While outlining the clinical advantages of imaging and treating with the same radiation type and the engineering of the instrument, we will focus on the imaging challenges – CT reconstruction, treatment planning, target identification and dose mapping. The future role of machine learning and producing optimum personalised and adaptive treatments will be discussed.

eXtended Reality (XR) has recently become the preferred term used to refer to all real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables, where the 'X' represents a variable for any current or future spatial computing technologies. However, long before this term was introduced I had been collaborating with many excellent colleagues from across the UK and Europe to achieve what we would now call XR applications in healthcare settings. In the talk I will use examples from these projects to demonstrate the evolution of technologies and the associated cost-performance, and discuss how the healthcare sector is now on the verge of achieving significant benefits for both patients and clinical professionals.